Since the Second World War, there has been a trend towards the abolition of the death penalty. 58 countries retain the death penalty in active use, 102 countries have completely abolished it, six have abolished it for all offences except in special circumstances, and 32 others have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are considered to have an established policy or practice against executions. [52] In Turkey, more than 500 people were sentenced to death after the 1980 Turkish coup. About 50 of them were executed, the last on 25 October 1984. Then there was a de facto moratorium on the death penalty in Turkey. As a step towards EU membership, Turkey has made some legal changes. The death penalty was abolished by the National Assembly in peacetime in August 2002, and in May 2004 Turkey amended its constitution to abolish the death penalty at all costs. It ratified Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights of February 2006. As a result, Europe is, in practice, a continent where the death penalty is free, with all states except Russia, which has concluded a moratorium after ratifying the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, with the sole exception of Belarus, which is not a member of the Council of Europe. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe campaigned for Council of Europe observer states that practice the death penalty, the United States and Japan, to abolish it or lose their observer status.
In addition to banning the death penalty for EU member states, the EU has also prohibited the transfer of detainees in cases where the receiving party can request the death penalty. Abolitionists believe that the death penalty is the worst violation of human rights, because the right to life is the most important, and the death penalty unnecessarily violates it and inflicts psychological torture on convicts. Human rights activists oppose the death penalty, calling it “cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment”. Amnesty International considers it “the ultimate irreversible denial of human rights”. [164] Albert Camus wrote in 1956 in a book entitled Reflections on the Guillotine, Resistance, Rebellion & Death: The death penalty was abolition in many states of the USA. However, 27 states still apply the death penalty: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. The U.S. federal government and military also retain the death penalty. Crimes against humanity such as genocide are generally punishable by death in countries where the death penalty is retained. Death sentences for such crimes were handed down and carried out at the Nuremberg trials in 1946 and Tokyo in 1948, but the current International Criminal Court does not apply the death penalty.
The maximum penalty available to the International Criminal Court is life imprisonment. The death penalty is currently approved by the federal government and the U.S. military in 27 states. In recent years, New Mexico (2009), Illinois (2011), Connecticut (2012), Maryland (2013), New Hampshire (2019), Colorado (2020) and Virginia (2021) have legally abolished the death penalty and replaced it with life imprisonment without parole. The Nebraska legislature also abolished the death penalty in 2015, but was reinstated in 2016 by a national vote. In addition, courts in Washington and Delaware have recently ruled that state death penalty laws are unconstitutional. States across the country will continue to discuss fairness, reliability and implementation costs. The death penalty, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice in which a person is killed by the state as punishment for a crime. The sentence that orders that someone be punished in this way is called a death penalty, while the execution of such a sentence is called execution.
A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and is awaiting execution would be sentenced and on “death row” in some countries. Crimes punishable by death are called capital crimes, capital crimes or capital crimes and vary by jurisdiction, but often include serious crimes such as murder, mass murder, serious cases of rape, rape of children, sexual abuse of children, terrorism, treason, espionage, sedition, crimes against the state (such as attempting to overthrow a government), piracy, hijacking, drug trafficking, drug trafficking and drug possession, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide and, in some cases, serious recidivism, aggravated robbery and kidnapping. The world`s major religions have different views depending on religion, denomination, sect and/or individual adherents. For example, the world`s largest Christian denomination, Catholicism, opposes the death penalty in all cases, while the Baha`i and Islamic religions support the death penalty. [209] [210] Support for and condemnation of the death penalty increased in India in the 2010s[79] due to anger over several recent cases of brutal rape, although actual executions are relatively rare. [79] While support for the death penalty for murder remains high in China, executions have fallen sharply, with 3,000 executions in 2012 compared to 12,000 in 2002. [80] A survey conducted in South Africa, where the death penalty has been abolished, found that 76% of millennial South Africans support the reintroduction of the death penalty due to the increase in rape and murder. [81] [82] A 2017 survey found that young Mexicans are more likely to support the death penalty than older ones. [83] 57% of Brazilians support the death penalty.
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